eXtensible Host Controller Interface

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eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) defines a register-level description of a Host Controller for Universal Serial bus (USB), which is capable of interfacing to USB 1.x, 2.0, and 3.0 compatible devices without the use of companion controllers.

Contents

Technical Details

The xHCI controller communicates with the operating system using memory mapped registers that can be located by searching the PCI configuration space for a device with a specific Class ID, Subclass ID, and Interface number. All xHCI controllers will have a Class ID of 0x0C, a Sublcass ID of 0x03, and an Interface value of 0x30. The configuration space for this device will contain two Base Address Registers: BAR0 and BAR1. These two 32-bit address fields combine to create a single 64-bit address that points to the base address of the memory mapped registers for the controller.

Capability Registers

The capability registers are located at the address specified by the PCI configuration space.

Offset (Hex) Name Description
00 CAPLENGTH Capability Register Length
01 RSVD Reserved
02 HCIVERSION Interface Version Number
04 HCSPARAMS1 Structural Parameters 1
08 HCSPARAMS2 Structural Parameters 2
0C HCSPARAMS3 Structural Parameters 3
10 HCCPARAMS1 Capability Parameters
14 DBOFF Doorbell Offset
18 RTSOFF Runtime Registers Space Offset
1C HCCPARMS2 Capability Parameters 2

Operational Registers

The operational registers are located after the capability registers in memory, and can be found by adding the CAPLENGTH field to the base address specified in the PCI configuration space.

Offset (Hex) Name Description
00 USBCMD USB Command
04 USBSTS USB Status
08 PAGESIZE Page Size
14 DNCTRL Device Notification Control
18 CRCR Command Ring Control
30 DCBAAP Device Context Base Address Array Pointer
38 CONFIG Configure

Reading CRCR (or bits of it) provides '0'. Therefore, keep your own track of this address. Bit 0 of CRCR is the Consumer Cycle State (CCS) flag.

Port Registers

At the end of the operational registers (at offset 0x400!), each port on the root hub is assigned a set of registers. The number of entries in the port registers table is determined by the MaxPorts value in the HCSPARAMS1 register.

Offset (Hex) Name Description
00 PORTSC Port Status and Control
04 PORTPMSC Port Power Management Status and Control
08 PORTLI Port Link Info
0C reserved

Runtime Registers

The runtime registers are located after the operational registers in memory, and can be found by adding the RTSOFF field to the base address specified in the PCI configuration space.

Offset (Hex) Name Description
00 MFINDEX Microframe Index
20 IR0-1023 Interrupter Register Sets

Starting at offset 0x20, each interrupter register set defines the event ring memory addresses needed to send and receive events and data to the USB bus.

Offset (Hex) Name Description
00 IMAN Interrupter Management
04 IMOD Interrupter Moderation
08 ERSTSZ Event Ring Segment Table Size
10 ERSTBA Event Ring Segment Table Base Address
18 ERDP Event Ring Dequeue Pointer

Doorbell Registers

The doorbell registers are located after the runtime registers in memory, and can be found by adding the DBOFF field to the base address specified in the PCI configuration space. The length of the doorbell register table is based on the number of ports specified in the MaxSlots field in the HCSPARAMS1 register above. Each doorbell register is 32-bits long, and is used to notify the controller that there are pending operations to be performed on a specific device slot.

Virtual Registers

The xHCI specifications support "virtual" controllers that can be used to support multiple virtual machines running on a single physical machine. These registers must be configured and managed by the VM host, and effectively duplicate the registers above for use by the guest VMs.

Chipsets with both EHC and xHC

Some chipsets such as the Intel Panther Point (8086:1e31) feature both an EHC and xHC. Both controllers share the same set of ports and access to each port is determined by a hardware toggle (0 = EHC, 1 = xHC).

To switch a port to either the EHC or the xHC registers USB3_PSSEN (0xd0) and XUSB2PR (0xd8) must be written.

For example, to switch all available ports to the xHC (make sure the registers are actually present!):

#define USB3_PSSEN 0xd0
#define XUSB2PR    0xd8
 
char *pci_header = ...;
(u32 *)(pci_header + USB3_PSSEN) = 0xffff_ffff; // Enable SuperSpeed on USB3 ports
(u32 *)(pci_header + XUSB2PR)    = 0xffff_ffff; // Switch over USB2 ports

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